TY - GEN AU - KHANDPUR R.S TI - HANDBOOK OF BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION SN - 9789339205430 AV - RC78.7D53 .K52 2014 PY - 2014/// CY - Newdelhi PB - sanat printers KW - diagnostic images N1 - include bibliograpic refeerences; A. Preface to the third edition B. Preface to the first edition C. About the author A. Part one: measuring, recording and monitoring instruments 1. Fundamentals of medical instrumentation Role of technology in medicine Landmark developments in biomedical instrumentation Physiological systems of the body Sources of biomedical signals Basic medical instrumentation system Performance requirements of medical instrumentation systems Intelligent medical instrumentation systems Consumer and portable medical equipment Implantable medical devices Micro-electro-mechanical systems (mems) Wireless connectivity in medical instruments General constraints in design of medical instrumentation systems Regulation of medical devices Role of engineers in healthcare facilities Model questions 2. Bioelectric signals and electrodes Origin of bioelectric signals Recording electrodes Silver-silver chloride electrodes Electrodes for ecg Electrodes for eeg Electrodes for emg Electrical conductivity of electrode jellies and creams Microelectrodes Model questions 3. Physiological transducers What is a transducer? Classification of transducers Performance characteristics of transducers Displacement, position and motion transducers Pressure transducers Transducers for body temperature measurement Photoelectric transducers Optical fibre sensors Biosensors Smart sensors Model questions 4. Recording system Basic recording system General considerations for signal conditioners Preamplifiers Sources of noise in low level measurements Biomedical signal analysis and processing techniques The main amplifier and driver stage Writing systems Direct writing recorders The inkjet recorder Potentiometric recorder Digital recorders Video printers Model questions 5. Biomedical recorders Electrocardiograph Vectorcardiograph (vcg) Phonocardiograph (pcg) Digital stethoscope Electroencephalograph (eeg) Electromyograph Other biomedical recorders Biofeedback instrumentation Model questions 6. Patient monitoring systems System concepts Cardiac monitor Bedside patient monitoring systems Central monitors Measurement of heart rate Measusrement of pulse rate Blood pressure measurement Measurement of temperature Measurement of respiration rate Catheterization laboratory instrumentation Model questions 7. Arrhythmia and ambulatory monitoring instruments Cardiac arrhythmias Arrhythmia monitor Qrs detection techniques Data compression techniques Exercise stress testing Ambulatory monitoring instruments Model questions 8. Foetal monitoring instruments Cardiotocograph Methods of monitoring foetal heart rate Monitoring labour activity Recording system Model questions. 9. Oximeters Oximeters Ear oximeter Pulse oximeter Skin reflectance oximeters Intravascular oximeter Model questions 10. Blood flow and cardiac output measurement Blood flow measurement Cardiac output measurement Model questions 11. Biomedical telemetry Biotelemetry Single channel telemetry systems Multi-channel wireless telemetry systems Multi-patient telemetry Implantable telemetry systems Biotelemetry application on wimax networks Transmission of analog physiological signals over telephone Model questions 12. Telemedicine technology What is telemedicine? Essential parameters for telemedicine Delivery modes in telemedicine Telemedicine system Clinical data interchange/exchange standards Transmission of still images Transmission of video images Transmission of digital audio Cyber medicine Applications of telemedicine Pacs (picture archiving and communication system) Telemedicine: today and tomorrow Model questions 13. Pulmonary function analysers Pulmonary function measurements Spirometry Pneumotachmeters Measurement of volume Pulmonary function analysers Respiratory gas analysers Model questions 14. Clinical laboratory instruments Medical diagnosis with chemical tests Spectrophotometry Spectrophotometer type instruments Colorimeters Spectrophotometers Clinical flame photometers Selective-ion electrodes based electrolytes analyser Automated biochemical analysis systems Model questions 15. Blood gas analysers Acid-base balance Blood ph measurement Measurement of blood pco2 Blood po2 measurement Intra-arterial blood gas monitoring A complete blood gas analyser Model questions 16. Blood cell counters Types of blood cells Methods of cell counting Coulter counters Portable coulter counters Automatic recognition and differential counting of cells Flow cytometry Model questions 17. Audiometers and hearing aids Mechanism of hearing Measurement of sound Basic audiometer Pure-tone audiometer Speech audiometer Audiometer system bekesy Evoked response audiometry system Calibration of audiometers Hearing aids Model questions 18. Patient safety Electric shock hazards Leakage currents Safety codes for electromedical equipment Electrical safety analyser Testing of biomedical equipment Model questions B. Part two: modern imaging systems 19. X-ray machines and digital radiography Basis of diagnostic radiology Nature of x-rays Production of x-rays X-ray machine Visualization of x-rays Dental x-ray machines Portable and mobile x-ray units Physical parameters for x-ray detectors Digital radiography Model questions 20. X-ray computed tomography Computed tomography System components Gantry geometry System electronics Patient dose in ct scanners Model questions 21. Nuclear medical imaging systems Radio-isotopes in medical diagnosis Physics of radioactivity Radiation detectors Pulse height analyser Uptake monitoring equipment The gamma camera Whole body gamma cameras Emission computed tomography Single-photon-emission-computed tomography (spect) Positron emission tomography (pet) scanner Model questions 22. Magnetic resonance imaging system Principle of nmr imaging system Image reconstruction techniques Basic nmr components Biological effect of nmr imaging Advantages of nmr imaging system Model questions. 23. Ultrasonic imaging systems Diagnostic ultrasound Physics of ultrasonic waves Medical ultrasound Basic pulse-echo apparatus Imaging modes Real-time ultrasonic imaging systems Mechanical sector scanner Multi-element linear array scanners Duplex scanner Modern ultrasound imaging systems Area array systems Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging systems Intravascular imaging Tissue harmonic imaging Portable ultrasound systems Biological effects of ultrasound Model questions 24. Thermal imaging systems Medical thermography Physics of thermography Infrared detectors Thermographic equipment Quantitative medical thermography Pyroelectric vidicon based thermographic camera Thermal camera-based on ir array sensor Model questions C. Part three: therapeutic equipment 25. Cardiac pacemakers Need for cardiac pacemaker External pacemakers Implantable pacemakers Recent developments in implantable pacemakers Pacing system analyser Model questions 26. Cardiac defibrillators Need for a defibrillator Dc defibrillator Implantable defibrillators Types of implantable defibrillators Pacer-cardioverter-defibrillator Defibrillator analysers Left ventricular assist device (lvad) Model questions 27. Instruments for surgery Principle of surgical diathermy Surgical diathermy machine Safety aspects in electrosurgical units Surgical diathermy analysers Model questions 28. Laser applications in biomedical field The laser Types of lasers Laser safety Model questions 29. Physiotherapy and electrotherapy equipment High frequency heat therapy Short-wave diathermy machine Microwave diathermy Ultrasonic therapy unit Electrodiagnostic/therapeutic apparatus Pain relief through electrical stimulation Diaphragm pacing by radio-frequency for the treatment of chronic ventilatory insufficiency Bladder stimulators Deep brain stimulation (dbs) Model questions 30. Haemodialysis machines Function of the kidneys Artificial kidney Dialyzers Membranes for haemodialysis Haemodialysis machine Home (portable) kidney machines Model questions 31. Lithotriptors The stone disease problem The shock wave The first lithotriptor machine Modern lithotriptor systems Laser lithotripsy Model questions 32. Anaesthesia machine Need for anaesthesia Anaesthesia machine Capnography Model questions 33. Ventilators Mechanics of respiration Artificial ventilation Ventilators Types of ventilators Ventilator terms Classification of ventilators Pressure-volume-flow diagrams Modern ventilators High frequency ventilators Humidifiers, nebulizers and aspirators Model questions 34. Radiotherapy equipment Use of high voltage x-ray machines Development of betatron Cobalt-60 machine Gamma knife Medical linear accelerator machine Cyberknife Model questions 35. Automated drug delivery systems Infusion pumps Components of drug infusion systems Implantable infusion system Closed-loop control in infusion systems Examples of typical infusion pumps Insulin pumps Model questions D. References N2 - A. Summary:This 3rd Edition has been thoroughly revised and updated taking into account technological innovations and introduction of new and improved methods of medical diagnosis and treatment. Capturing recent developments and discussing new topics, the 3rd Edition includes a separate chapter on 'Telemedicine Technology', which shows how information and communication technologies have made significant contribution in better diagnosis and treatment of patients and management of health facilities. Alongside, there is coverage of new implantable devices as increasingly such devices are being preferred for treatment, particularly in neurological stimulation for pain management, epilepsy, bladder control, etc. The 3rd Edition also appropriately addresses 'Point of Care' equipment: as some technologies become easier to use and less expensive and equipment becomes more transportable, even complex technologies can diffuse out of hospitals and institutional settings into outpatient facilities and patient's homes ER -