UNDERSTANDING PHARMACOLOGY Essentials for medicaiton safety Linda Workman

includes bibliographic reference and index

PART ONE Overview of Pharmacology
1 Drug Actions and Body Responses
1 (27)
Drug Therapy
2 (1)
Overview
2 (1)
Drug Names
3 (1)
Drug Categories
4 (1)
Drug Regulation
5 (1)
Ways in Which Drugs Affect the Body (Pharmacodynamics)
6 (1)
Mechanisms of Action
6 (2)
Physiologic Effects
8 (4)
How the Body Uses and Changes Drugs (Pharmacokinetics)
11 (1)
Absorption
12 (2)
Distribution
14 (1)
Metabolism
15 (1)
Elimination
16 (2)
Life Span Considerations
18 (1)
Size
18 (1)
Organ Health
19 (2)
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
21 (3)
Drug Interactions
24 (4)
2 Safety Preparing and Giving Drugs
28 (17)
Overview
29 (1)
The Six Rights of Safe Drug Administration
29 (1)
The Right Patient
29 (1)
The Right Drug
29 (1)
The Right Dose, Route, and Time
30 (1)
The Right Documentation
30 (1)
The Right Diagnosis
30 (1)
The Right to Refuse
30 (1)
Types of Drug Orders
30 (1)
Drug Errors
31 (1)
Preventing Drug Errors
31 (1)
Principles of Administering Drugs
32 (1)
Getting Ready to Give Drugs
33 (1)
Giving Enteral Drugs
33 (1)
Oral Drugs
33 (2)
Oral Drugs Given by Feeding Tube
35 (1)
Giving Rectal Drugs
36 (1)
Giving Parenteral Drugs
36 (1)
Giving Intradermal Drugs
37 (1)
Giving Subcutaneous Drugs
37 (1)
Giving Intramuscular Drugs
38 (2)
Giving Intravenous Drugs
40 (1)
Giving Percutaneous Drugs
41 (1)
Giving Topical or Transdermal Drugs
41 (1)
Giving Drugs Through the Mucous Membranes
42 (3)
3 Teaching Patients About Drug Therapy
45 (12)
Overview
45 (1)
Communication for Teaching and Learning
45 (1)
Cultural Sensitivity and Communication
46 (2)
Domains of Learning
48 (1)
Teaching and Learning
49 (2)
Principles of Adult Learning: Patient Teaching
50 (1)
Believe in the Need to Know
51 (1)
Start with the Known Before Moving to the Unknown
51 (1)
Learning Goes from the Simple to the Complex
51 (1)
Active Participation is Needed
52 (1)
Practice Makes Perfect
52 (1)
Reinforce Learning
53 (1)
Provide Early Feedback and Corrections
53 (1)
Life Span Considerations
53 (4)
PART TWO Mathematics in Pharmacology
4 Medical Systems of Weights and Measures
57 (10)
Overview
57 (1)
Measuring Systems
58 (1)
Temperature: Fahrenheit and Celsius
58 (1)
Household System for Liquid and Dry Measurements
59 (1)
Metric System
60 (1)
Switching Between Household and Metric Systems
61 (2)
The Milliequivalent System
63 (1)
The Unit System
63 (4)
Two-Step Drug Dosage Calculations
64 (3)
5 Mathematics Review and Introduction to Dosage Calculation
67 (16)
Why Do Nurses Need Mathematics?
68 (1)
Talking About Numbers: A Whole Number Versus a Part of a Number
68 (1)
Fractions
68 (4)
Decimals
72 (3)
Rounding Parts of Numbers
75 (1)
Percents
75 (1)
Solving Dosage and Calculation Problems
76 (1)
Introduction
76 (1)
Using Proportions to Solve for X
77 (6)
6 Dosage Calculation of Intravenous Solutions and Drugs
83 (11)
Overview
83 (1)
IV Mechanics
84 (1)
Regulating IV Fluids
85 (1)
IV Calculations
86 (2)
Maintaining IV Therapy
88 (1)
Infusion Control Devices
88 (1)
IV Therapy Responsibilities
88 (3)
Life Span Considerations
91 (3)
PART THREE Clinical Categories and Uses of Drugs
7 Drugs for Pain and Sleep Problems
94 (26)
Pain
95 (2)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
97 (1)
Pain Origin and Transmission
97 (2)
Pain Perception
99 (1)
Types of Pain
99 (11)
General Issues Related to Analgesic Drug Therapy
101 (2)
Opioids (Narcotics)
103 (4)
Nonsteriodal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
107 (3)
Nonopioid Miscellaneous Pain-Control Drugs
110 (1)
Acetaminophen
110 (1)
Antidepressants
110 (1)
Anticonvulsants
111 (1)
Insomnia
112 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
112 (1)
Drugs for Insomnia
113 (3)
Narcolepsy
116 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
116 (1)
Drugs for Narcolepsy
116 (4)
8 Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
120 (18)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
121 (1)
Stage I Vascular
122 (1)
Stage II Exudate
122 (1)
Stage III Tissue Repair
122 (1)
Types of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
123 (1)
Corticosteroids
123 (5)
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
128 (4)
Antihistamines
132 (2)
Leukotriene Inhibitors
134 (4)
9 Anti-Infectives: Antibacterial Drugs
138 (27)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
139 (1)
Bacterial Features
139 (1)
Protection Against Infection
140 (1)
Antibacterial Therapy
141 (1)
Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Drugs
141 (1)
Spectrum of Efficacy
141 (3)
General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy
142 (2)
Types of Antibacterial Drugs
144 (1)
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Other Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
144 (5)
Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, and Other Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
149 (7)
Metabolism Inhibitors: Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
156 (6)
DNA Synthesis Inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones
159 (2)
Antibacterial Drug Resistance
161 (1)
Examples of MDR Organisms
162 (3)
10 Anti-Infectives: Antiviral Drugs
165 (23)
Viral Infection
165 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology for Common Viruses
166 (2)
General Issues in Antiviral Therapy
168 (1)
Types of Antiviral Drugs
169 (1)
Acyclovir and Valacyclovir
169 (2)
Amantadine and Rimantadine
171 (1)
Ribavirin
172 (2)
Oseltamivir and Zanamivir
174 (4)
Retroviral Infection
175 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
175 (1)
General Issues in Antiretroviral Therapy
176 (2)
Types of Antiretoviral Drugs
178 (1)
Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
178 (2)
Non-Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
180 (1)
Protease Inhibitors
181 (1)
Fusion Inhibitors
182 (1)
Entry Inhibitors
183 (1)
Integrase Inhibitors
184 (4)
11 Anti-Infectives: Antitubercular and Antifungal Drugs
188 (17)
Tuberculosis
188 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
188 (2)
Types of Drugs for Tuberculosis
190 (1)
First-Line Antitubercular Drugs
190 (5)
Fungal Infections
195 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
195 (1)
Types of Antifungal Drugs
195 (1)
Drugs for Superficial Fungal Infections
195 (1)
Drugs for Deep or Systemic Fungal Infections
196 (9)
12 Drugs That Affect Urine Output
205 (18)
Diuretics
205 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
206 (1)
General Issues in Diuretic Therapy
207 (1)
Types of Diuretics
208 (1)
Thiazide Diuretics
208 (2)
Loop Diuretics
210 (3)
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
213 (2)
Overactive Bladder
214 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
214 (1)
Types of Drugs for Overactive Bladder
215 (1)
Urinary Antispasmodics
215 (3)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
217 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
218 (1)
Types of Drugs for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
218 (1)
DHT Inhibitors and Selective Alpha-1 Blockers
218 (5)
13 Drugs for Hypertension
223 (24)
Overview
224 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
225 (1)
Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis
225 (1)
Primary (Essential) Hypertension
225 (1)
Secondary Hypertension
225 (3)
General Issues for Antihypertensive Therapy
226 (1)
Types of Antihypertensive Drugs
227 (1)
Diuretics
228 (1)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
229 (3)
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
232 (2)
Calcium Channel Blockers
234 (2)
Beta Blockers
236 (3)
Alpha Blockers
239 (2)
Alpha-Beta Blockers
241 (1)
Central-Acting Adrenergic Agents
242 (2)
Direct Vasodilators
244 (3)
14 Drugs for Heart Failure
247 (20)
Overview
248 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
248 (2)
Left Heart Failure
250 (1)
Right Heart Failure
251 (1)
Compensatory Mechanisms for Heart Failure
251 (3)
Treatment for Heart Failure
253 (1)
General Issues in Heart Failure Therapy
253 (1)
Types of Drugs Used to Treat Heart Failure
254 (1)
ACE Inhibitors
254 (1)
Beta Blockers
255 (1)
Vasodilators
255 (3)
Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin)
258 (2)
Diuretics
260 (1)
Human B-Type Natriuretic Peptides
260 (1)
Positive Inotropes (Heart Pump Drugs)
261 (2)
Postassium and Magnesium
263 (2)
Other Drugs Used to Treat Heart Failure
265 (2)
15 Antidysrhythmic Drugs
267 (27)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
268 (1)
Pacemakers and the Cardiac Conduction System
268 (1)
Heart Rate
269 (4)
General Issues Related to Antidysrhythmic Therapy
272 (1)
Types of Antidysrhythmic Durgs
273 (1)
Atropine for Bradydysrhythmias
273 (2)
Digoxin
275 (2)
Drugs for Tachydysrhythmias
277 (1)
Class I Sodium Channel Blockers
277 (1)
Class Ia Drugs
277 (3)
Class Ib Drugs
280 (2)
Class Ic Drugs
282 (1)
Class II Beta Blockers
283 (3)
Class III Potassium Channel Blockers
286 (2)
Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers
288 (1)
Unclassified Antidysrhythmic Drugs
289 (1)
Adenosine
289 (1)
Magnesium Sulfate
290 (2)
Other Drugs Used to Treat Dysrhythmias
292 (2)
16 Drugs for High Blood Lipids
294 (15)
Overview
294 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
295 (1)
Coronary Artery Disease
295 (1)
Familial Hyperlipidemia
295 (3)
General Issues for Antihyperlipidemic Therapy
296 (2)
Types of Lipid-Lowering Drugs
298 (1)
Statins
298 (2)
Bile Acid Sequestrants
300 (2)
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
302 (1)
Fibrates
303 (2)
Nicotinic Acid Agents
305 (4)
17 Drugs That Affect Blood Clotting
309 (18)
Overview
310 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
310 (1)
Clot Formation
310 (1)
Thrombosis
310 (1)
Embolus
311 (1)
General Issues for Anticoagulant Therapy
312 (1)
Types of Drugs That Affect Blood Clotting
313 (1)
Anticoagulatn Drugs
313 (1)
Thrombin Inhibitors
313 (3)
Clotting Factor Synthesis Inhibitors
316 (3)
Antiplatelet Drugs
319 (2)
Thrombolytic Drugs
321 (2)
Drugs That Improve Blood Clotting
323 (1)
Colony-Stimulating Factors
323 (4)
18 Drugs for Asthma and Other Respiratory Problems
327 (13)
Overview
327 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
328 (1)
Asthma
328 (2)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
330 (1)
Types of Drugs for Asthma and COPD
330 (1)
Bronchodilators
331 (5)
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
336 (2)
Combination Bronchodilator and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
338 (2)
Mucolytics
338 (2)
19 Drugs for Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, and Constipation
340 (17)
Overview
340 (1)
Nausea and Vomiting
341 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
341 (1)
Types of Drugs for Nausea and Vomiting
342 (1)
Antiemetic Drugs
342 (6)
Constipation
346 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
346 (2)
Types of Drugs for Constipation
348 (1)
Laxatives, Lubricants, and Stool Softeners
348 (3)
Diarrhea
351 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
351 (1)
Types of Drugs for Diarrhea
351 (1)
Antimotility, Adsorbent/Absorbent, and Antisecretory Drugs
351 (6)
20 Drugs for Gastric Ulcers and Reflux
357 (18)
Overview
357 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
358 (5)
Gastrointestinal Ulcers
358 (2)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
360 (3)
General Issues for Drugs for PUD and GER
363 (1)
Types of Drugs for PUD and GERD
363 (9)
Histamine H2 Blockers
363 (2)
Proton Pump Inhibitors
365 (2)
Antacids
367 (2)
Cytoprotective Drugs
369 (1)
Promotility Drugs
370 (2)
Other Drugs Used to Treat Ulcers
372 (3)
Antibiotics for H. Pylori Infection
372 (3)
21 Drugs for Seizures
375 (15)
Overview
375 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
376 (1)
Causes of Seizures
376 (1)
Types of Seizures
376 (4)
Treatment of Seizures
379 (1)
Types of Anti-Seizure Drugs
380 (1)
First-Line Drugs for Partial and Generalized Seizures
380 (3)
First-Line Drugs for Absence Seizures
383 (2)
Second-Line (Alternative) Drugs for Seizures
385 (5)
22 Drugs for Depression, Anxiety, and Psychosis
390 (21)
Overview
391 (1)
Depression
391 (2)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
393 (1)
Types of Drugs for Depression
394 (1)
Antidepressants
394 (6)
Anxiety
398 (2)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
400 (1)
Types of Drugs for Anxiety
400 (1)
Antianxiety Drugs
400 (5)
Psychosis
404 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
405 (1)
Types of Drugs for Psychosis
405 (1)
Antipsychotics
405 (6)
23 Drugs for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease
411 (13)
Overview
411 (1)
Alzheimer's Disease
411 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
412 (1)
Types of Drugs for Alzeimer's Disease
413 (1)
Cholinesterase/ Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Memantine
413 (11)
Parkinson's Disease
415 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
415 (2)
Types of Drugs for Parkinson's Disease
417 (1)
Dopaminergic/Dopamine Agonists, COMT Inhibitors, MAO-B Inhibitors, Anticholinergics
417 (7)
24 Drugs for Endocrine Problems
424 (16)
Overview
425 (1)
Hypothyroidism
425 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
425 (2)
Types of Thyroid Hormone Replacement Drugs
427 (1)
Levothyroxine and Liothyronine
427 (5)
Hyperthyroidism
431 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
431 (1)
Types of Thyroid-Suppressing Drugs
432 (1)
Methimazole and Propylthiouracil
432 (4)
Menopause
434 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
434 (2)
Types of Perimenopausal Hormone Replacement Drugs
436 (1)
Conjugated Estrogens
436 (4)
25 Drugs for Diabetes
440 (25)
Overview
440 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
441 (1)
Normal Physiology
441 (3)
Pathophysiology
444 (2)
Types of Drugs for Diabetes
446 (1)
Insulin Therapy
446 (7)
Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
453 (5)
Oral Combination Drugs
458 (1)
Drugs That Increase Incretins and Amylin
459 (6)
26 Drugs for Glaucoma
465 (17)
Overview
465 (1)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
466 (1)
Physiology
466 (2)
Pathophysiology
468 (4)
General Issues for Local Eye Drug Therapy
469 (3)
Types of Drugs for Glaucoma
472 (1)
Prostaglandin Agonists
472 (1)
Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agents
473 (2)
Adrenergic Agonists
475 (2)
Cholinergic Drugs
477 (1)
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
478 (4)
27 Drugs for Cancer Therapy
482 (21)
Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology
482 (1)
Features of Normal Cells
483 (2)
Features of Cancer Cells
485 (1)
Cancer Development
486 (1)
Cancer Classification
487 (1)
Cancer Causes
487 (1)
Types of Cancer Treatment
488 (1)
Chemotherapy
488 (8)
Hormone Manipulation
496 (2)
Immunotherapy: Biological Response Modifiers
498 (1)
Targeted Therapy
499 (4)
Bibliography 503 (3)
Illustration Creadits 506

Helps you understand how drugs work and how to administer them safely. This title covers the difficult concepts and prepares you to handle the drugs and drug classes. It provides preparation for licensure exams and for clinical practice